What is anaerobic biotechnology? How does it work?

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26/07/2024

Anaerobic biotechnology is a method of using anaerobic microorganisms and facultative microorganisms to decompose organic and inorganic substances in wastewater, in conditions without dissolved oxygen with suitable temperature, pH,... to produce gaseous products (mainly CO2, CH4).

Organic matter --> CH4 + CO2 + H2O + NH4 + H2S

The process of anaerobic decomposition of dirt is a process of a series of very complex biochemical reactions.

Microorganisms involved in the anaerobic decomposition process are often present in organic waste, but in small quantities, with limited adaptability to the environment and low treatment efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to add anaerobic microorganisms to increase treatment efficiency. Accelerate the decomposition of complex organic substances and create methane gas.

The anaerobic biological process consists of 2 stages:

The first is the hydrolysis - acid formation stage

Under the influence of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by microorganisms, complex organic substances such as Glucid are converted into simple sugars, Propit is converted into Peptid and Amino Acids, Lipids are converted into Glycerin and Fatty Acids.

The products of this stage are very diverse, including Acids, Alcohols, Amino Acids, Ammonia, Hydrosulfide... Therefore, the mass of the residue is reduced slightly and has an unpleasant odor. The pH of this stage is < 7, so it is called the acid fermentation stage.

Next is the gas-forming stage - alkaline or methane-forming

Under the main effect of methane bacteria, the products of the hydrolysis process continue to decompose and create the final product, a mixture of biogas. Carbohydrates are decomposed fastest into CO2, CH4. Other organic substances are also decomposed almost completely. The pH of wastewater is from 7-8, so it is called the alkaline fermentation stage.

So what are the characteristics of anaerobic sludge?

Anaerobic microbial sludge often appears in septic tanks, anaerobic tanks in the AAO treatment line. Anaerobic sludge is black, and is divided into two types: suspended anaerobic sludge (anaerobic when in contact) and granular sludge (UASB reverse flow anaerobic sludge)

Suspended anaerobic sludge (also known as bran sludge): is stirred by agitators or pumps to increase contact between sludge flocs and microorganisms
Reverse flow anaerobic sludge appears in UASB tanks. Granular sludge has the characteristics of granular sludge, large sludge flocs, and rapid sedimentation. The larger the sludge, the stronger the growth of the microbial layer.

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