Aerobic and anaerobic composting methods
Anaerobic Composting Anaerobic composting is a decomposition process that occurs using microorganisms that do not require oxygen to survive. In this method, anaerobic microorganisms dominate and produce intermediate compounds such as methane gas, organic acids, hydrogen sulfide, and others. In the absence of oxygen, these compounds accumulate and are not further metabolized, many of which have strong odors and some are toxic to plants. Since anaerobic composting is a low-temperature process, it leaves behind weed seeds, pathogens, and fewer nutrients are lost during the process. Furthermore, this anaerobic composting method usually takes longer than aerobic composting. Anaerobic composting is a decomposition process that occurs using microorganisms that do not require oxygen to survive. In this method, anaerobic microorganisms dominate and produce intermediate compounds such as methane gas, organic acids, hydrogen sulfide and others. In the absence of oxygen, these compounds accumulate and do not metabolize further, many of which have a strong odor and some are toxic to plants. Since anaerobic composting is a low-temperature process, it leaves behind weed seeds, pathogens and less nutrients are lost during the process. Moreover, this anaerobic composting method usually takes longer than aerobic composting. Disadvantages: Long composting time from 2-4 months Pathogenic bacteria still exist along with the decomposition process because of the low temperature Methane and hydrogen sulfide cause unpleasant odors Aerobic composting method: Aerobic composting takes place in conditions with plenty of oxygen. During this process, aerobic microorganisms decompose organic matter and produce CO2, water, heat and humus. The final product is a relatively stable organic compound with little risk of toxicity to plants. The heat generated accelerates the decomposition of proteins, fats and complex carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Therefore, the processing time is shorter. Furthermore, this process kills many pathogens that are pathogens of humans and plants as well as weed seeds. Although many nutrients are lost from the raw materials by aerobic composting, this method is more efficient and useful than anaerobic composting. Advantages Microorganisms carry out the decomposition process for organic matter in waste into CO2 and water. After only 20 - 45 days, the waste is completely decomposed. (depending on the type of organic fertilizer) Pathogenic bacteria, pathogens, and weed seeds are destroyed by high temperatures. Disadvantages: Must strictly control factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, etc. because they directly affect the results of the composting process
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