Impact of sludge on the environment and human health
After waste, sludge treatment is also a challenge for Vietnamese cities today. Sludge contains many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoans along with other parasitic worms. Therefore, untreated sludge can cause potential health risks to humans, animals, and plants. In Vietnam, there are currently no specific statistics on the harmful effects of sludge on the environment. However, in reality, with large amounts of sludge dredged from sewer systems, septic tanks, rivers and lakes, and sludge from water treatment plants,... discharged into the environment, there are serious consequences, specifically:
1. Polluting groundwater:
Dredged sludge contains a large amount of water, in the dry season this amount of water is not enough to seep into the groundwater and easily evaporates. However, in the rainy season, it can mix with toxic substances in the sludge and seep into the groundwater, polluting the groundwater.
2. Polluting surface water:
There is a certain balance between the sedimentary sludge environment and the water environment, when the environmental properties change, the pollutants stored in the sedimentary sludge can mix back into the water, causing water pollution.
3. Polluting the air:
The anaerobic decomposition of sludge will create odorous gases such as H2S, CH4, NH3, ... causing the greenhouse effect and affecting humans.
4. Soil pollution:
Soil pollution is mainly caused by toxic components in mud with high concentrations, including organic matter, heavy metals, and even substances that are difficult to decompose such as nylon bags, and iron cans in dredged mud that will cause soil pollution and are difficult to fix.
5. Impact on the ecosystem:
Damaging urban aesthetics, and affecting aquatic life living in the water.
6. Impact on animals:
Bottom mud is also the habitat of thousands of species of organisms, and microorganisms, ... and through the food chain, mud can affect higher animals including humans, especially mud containing many heavy metals.
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